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Editing A (kana)
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{{Infobox kana
| Hiragana image = Japanese Hiragana kyokashotai A.svg
| Katakana image = Japanese Katakana kyokashotai A.svg
| Transliteration = a
| Hiragana Manyogana = 安
| Katakana Manyogana = 阿
| Other Manyogana = 阿 安 英 足 鞅
| Spelling = 朝日のア<br>([[Asahi (disambiguation)|Asahi]] no "a")
}}
{{kana gojuon sidebar}}
'''A''' ([[hiragana]]: あ, [[katakana]]: ア) is a Japanese [[kana]] that represents the [[mora (linguistics)|mora]] consisting of single vowel [[Open front unrounded vowel|{{IPA|[a]|cat=no}}]]. The hiragana character あ is based on the [[Grass script|sōsho style]] of [[kanji]] {{lang|ja|安}}, while the katakana ア is from the [[radical (Chinese character)|radical]] of kanji {{lang|ja|阿}}. In the modern Japanese system of [[alphabetical order]], it occupies the first position of the alphabet, before [[い]]. Additionally, it is the 36th letter in [[Iroha]], after て, before さ. The [[Unicode]] for あ is U 3042, and the Unicode for ア is U 30A2.
{|class="wikitable"
!Form
![[Rōmaji]]
![[Hiragana]]
![[Katakana]]
|-
!rowspan="2"|Normal ''a''/''i''/''u''/''e''/''o''<br>({{lang|ja|あ行}} ''a-gyō'')
|''a''
|あ
|ア
|-
|''aa''<br>''ā''
|ああ, あぁ<br>あー
|アア, アァ<br>アー
|}
==Derivation==
The katakana ア derives, via [[man'yōgana]], from the left element of [[kanji]] {{lang|ja|[[wiktionary:阿|阿]]}}. The hiragana あ derives from cursive simplification of the kanji {{lang|ja|[[wiktionary:安|安]]}}.
==Variant forms==
Scaled-down versions of the kana (ぁ, ァ) are used to express sounds foreign to the Japanese language, such as ファ (fa). In some [[Okinawan writing system]]s, a small ぁ is also combined with the kana く (''ku'') and ふ (''fu'' or ''hu'') to form the digraphs くぁ ''kwa'' and ふぁ ''hwa'', although others use a small ゎ instead. In [[hentaigana]], a variant of あ is appeared with a stroke written exactly as ''[[Radical 14|wakanmuri]]''. The version of the kana with [[Dakuten and handakuten|dakuten]] (あ゙, ア゙) are used to represent either a gurgling sound, a [[voiced pharyngeal fricative]] ({{IPAslink|ʕ}}), or other similarly articulated sound.
==Stroke order==
{|
|-
| [[File:Hiragana あ stroke order animation.gif|thumb|upright|alt=Stroke order in writing あ|Stroke order in writing あ]]
| [[File:Katakana ア stroke order animation.gif|thumb|upright|alt=Stroke order in writing ア|Stroke order in writing ア]]
|}
[[Image:あ-bw.png|200px|right|Stroke order in writing あ]]
The Hiragana あ is made with three [[Stroke (CJK character)|strokes]]:<ref>Gilhooly (2003) p. 62</ref>
#At the top, a horizontal stroke from left to right.
#A downward vertical stroke starting above and in the center of the last stroke.
#At the bottom, a loop like the Hiragana [[の]].
[[Image:ア-bw.png|150px|right|Stroke order in writing ア]]
The Katakana ア is made with two strokes:<ref>Gilhooly (2003) p. 128</ref>
#At the top, a stroke consisting of a horizontal line and a short horizontal line proceeding downward and to the left.
#Starting at the end of the last stroke, a curved line proceeding downward and to the left.
==Other communicative representations==
{{Letter reps|lang=Japanese|radio={{lang|ja|朝日のア}}|radio_trans=Asahi no "A"|morse=－－・－－|morse_sound=Ñ, Ń Morse Code.oga|sign_img=A-jsl-yubimoji.png|sem1=Japanese Semaphore Basic Stroke 9.svg|sem2=Japanese Semaphore Basic Stroke 3.svg|braille_img=Japanese A Braille.svg|braille=⠁}}
* Full Braille representation
{| class="wikitable nowrap" style="text-align:center"
|-
!colspan=3| あ / ア in [[Japanese Braille]]
|-
| あ / ア <br />'''a''' || ああ / アー <br />'''ā'''|| あ / ー <br />[[chōon]]*
|-
|{{Braille cell|type=kana|size=30px|あ}}|| {{Braille cell|type=kana|size=30px|あ|25}}|| {{Braille cell|type=kana|size=30px|25}}
|}
{{asterisk}} When lengthening "-a" syllables in Japanese braille, a chōon is always used, as in standard katakana usage instead of adding an あ / ア.
* [[Character encoding|Computer encodings]]
{{charmap
|3042|name1=Hiragana Letter A
|30A2|name2=Katakana Letter A
|FF71|name3=Halfwidth Katakana Letter A
|32D0|name4=Circled Katakana A
|map1=[[Shift JIS]]<ref name="shift_jis-utc">{{cite web |url=https://www.unicode.org/Public/MAPPINGS/OBSOLETE/EASTASIA/JIS/SHIFTJIS.TXT |title=Shift-JIS to Unicode |author=Unicode Consortium |author-link=Unicode Consortium |date=2015-12-02 |orig-year=1994-03-08}}</ref>|map1char1=82 A0|map1char2=83 41|map1char3=B1
|map2=[[EUC-JP]]<ref name="euc-jp-2007">{{cite web |url=https://raw.githubusercontent.com/unicode-org/icu/master/icu4c/source/data/mappings/euc-jp-2007.ucm |title=EUC-JP-2007 |author1=Unicode Consortium |author-link1=Unicode Consortium |author2=IBM |author-link2=IBM |work=[[International Components for Unicode]]}}</ref>|map2char1=A4 A2|map2char2=A5 A2|map2char3=8E B1
|map3=[[GB 18030]]<ref name="gb18030">{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/GB18030-2005|title=GB 18030-2005: Information Technology—Chinese coded character set|last=Standardization Administration of China (SAC)|date=2005-11-18}}</ref>|map3char1=A4 A2|map3char2=A5 A2|map3char3=84 31 97 33|map3char4=81 39 D1 36
|map4=[[EUC-KR]]<ref name="euc-kr-ibm970">{{cite web |url=https://raw.githubusercontent.com/unicode-org/icu/master/icu4c/source/data/mappings/ibm-970_P110_P110-2006_U2.ucm |title=IBM-970 |author1=Unicode Consortium |author-link1=Unicode Consortium |author2=IBM |author-link2=IBM |work=[[International Components for Unicode]]}}</ref> / [[Unified Hangul Code|UHC]]<ref name="uhc-ms949">{{cite web |url=https://www.unicode.org/Public/MAPPINGS/VENDORS/MICSFT/WINDOWS/CP949.TXT |title=cp949 to Unicode table |last=Steele |first=Shawn |publisher=[[Microsoft]] / [[Unicode Consortium]] |date=2000}}</ref>|map4char1=AA A2|map4char2=AB A2
|map5=[[Big5]] ([[Big5#Kana and Cyrillic|non-ETEN kana]])<ref name="big5noneten-utc">{{cite web |url=https://www.unicode.org/Public/MAPPINGS/OBSOLETE/EASTASIA/OTHER/BIG5.TXT |title=BIG5 to Unicode table (complete) |author=Unicode Consortium |author-link=Unicode Consortium |date=2015-12-02 |orig-year=1994-02-11}}</ref>|map5char1=C6 A6|map5char2=C6 F9
|map6=[[Big5]] ([[Big5#ETEN extensions|ETEN]] / [[Hong Kong Supplementary Character Set|HKSCS]])<ref name="big5hkscs-html5">{{cite web |url=https://encoding.spec.whatwg.org/big5.html |title=big5 |work=Encoding Standard |publisher=[[WHATWG]] |last=van Kesteren |first=Anne |author-link=Anne van Kesteren}}</ref>|map6char1=C6 E8|map6char2=C7 7C
}}
{{charmap
|3041|name1=Hiragana Letter Small A
|30A1|name2=Katakana Letter Small A
|FF67|name3=Halfwidth Katakana Letter Small A
|map1=[[Shift JIS]]<ref name="shift_jis-utc" />|map1char1=82 9F|map1char2=83 40|map1char3=A7
|map2=[[EUC-JP]]<ref name="euc-jp-2007" />|map2char1=A4 A1|map2char2=A5 A1|map2char3=8E A7
|map3=[[GB 18030]]<ref name="gb18030" />|map3char1=A4 A1|map3char2=A5 A1|map3char3=84 31 96 33
|map4=[[EUC-KR]]<ref name="euc-kr-ibm970" /> / [[Unified Hangul Code|UHC]]<ref name="uhc-ms949" />|map4char1=AA A1|map4char2=AB A1
|map5=[[Big5]] ([[Big5#Kana and Cyrillic|non-ETEN kana]])<ref name="big5noneten-utc" />|map5char1=C6 A5|map5char2=C6 F8
|map6=[[Big5]] ([[Big5#ETEN extensions|ETEN]] / [[Hong Kong Supplementary Character Set|HKSCS]])<ref name="big5hkscs-html5" />|map6char1=C6 E7|map6char2=C7 7B
}}
==Footnotes==
{{Reflist}}
==References==
{{Wiktionary|あ|ぁ|ア|ァ}}
* {{cite book|last=Gilhooly|first=Helen|title=Beginner's Japanese Script|publisher=[[Hodder Headline]]|location=London|orig-year=1999|year=2003|series=[[Teach Yourself]]|isbn=0-340-86024-3|oclc=56469680}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:A (Kana)}}
[[Category:Specific kana]]
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Symbols: ~ | ¡ ¿ † ‡ ↔ ↑ ↓ • ¶ # ∞ ‹› «» ¤ ₳ ฿ ₵ ¢ ₡ ₢ $ ₫ ₯ € ₠ ₣ ƒ ₴ ₭ ₤ ℳ ₥ ₦ № ₧ ₰ £ ៛ ₨ ₪ ৳ ₮ ₩ ¥ ♠ ♣ ♥ ♦ 𝄫 ♭ ♮ ♯ 𝄪 © ® ™
Latin: A a Á á À à  â Ä ä Ǎ ǎ Ă ă Ā ā à ã Å å Ą ą Æ æ Ǣ ǣ B b C c Ć ć Ċ ċ Ĉ ĉ Č č Ç ç D d Ď ď Đ đ Ḍ ḍ Ð ð E e É é È è Ė ė Ê ê Ë ë Ě ě Ĕ ĕ Ē ē Ẽ ẽ Ę ę Ẹ ẹ Ɛ ɛ Ǝ ǝ Ə ə F f G g Ġ ġ Ĝ ĝ Ğ ğ Ģ ģ H h Ĥ ĥ Ħ ħ Ḥ ḥ I i İ ı Í í Ì ì Î î Ï ï Ǐ ǐ Ĭ ĭ Ī ī Ĩ ĩ Į į Ị ị J j Ĵ ĵ K k Ķ ķ L l Ĺ ĺ Ŀ ŀ Ľ ľ Ļ ļ Ł ł Ḷ ḷ Ḹ ḹ M m Ṃ ṃ N n Ń ń Ň ň Ñ ñ Ņ ņ Ṇ ṇ Ŋ ŋ O o Ó ó Ò ò Ô ô Ö ö Ǒ ǒ Ŏ ŏ Ō ō Õ õ Ǫ ǫ Ọ ọ Ő ő Ø ø Œ œ Ɔ ɔ P p Q q R r Ŕ ŕ Ř ř Ŗ ŗ Ṛ ṛ Ṝ ṝ S s Ś ś Ŝ ŝ Š š Ş ş Ș ș Ṣ ṣ ß T t Ť ť Ţ ţ Ț ț Ṭ ṭ Þ þ U u Ú ú Ù ù Û û Ü ü Ǔ ǔ Ŭ ŭ Ū ū Ũ ũ Ů ů Ų ų Ụ ụ Ű ű Ǘ ǘ Ǜ ǜ Ǚ ǚ Ǖ ǖ V v W w Ŵ ŵ X x Y y Ý ý Ŷ ŷ Ÿ ÿ Ỹ ỹ Ȳ ȳ Z z Ź ź Ż ż Ž ž ß Ð ð Þ þ Ŋ ŋ Ə ə
Greek: Ά ά Έ έ Ή ή Ί ί Ό ό Ύ ύ Ώ ώ Α α Β β Γ γ Δ δ Ε ε Ζ ζ Η η Θ θ Ι ι Κ κ Λ λ Μ μ Ν ν Ξ ξ Ο ο Π π Ρ ρ Σ σ ς Τ τ Υ υ Φ φ Χ χ Ψ ψ Ω ω {{Polytonic|}}
Cyrillic: А а Б б В в Г г Ґ ґ Ѓ ѓ Д д Ђ ђ Е е Ё ё Є є Ж ж З з Ѕ ѕ И и І і Ї ї Й й Ј ј К к Ќ ќ Л л Љ љ М м Н н Њ њ О о П п Р р С с Т т Ћ ћ У у Ў ў Ф ф Х х Ц ц Ч ч Џ џ Ш ш Щ щ Ъ ъ Ы ы Ь ь Э э Ю ю Я я ́
IPA: t̪ d̪ ʈ ɖ ɟ ɡ ɢ ʡ ʔ ɸ β θ ð ʃ ʒ ɕ ʑ ʂ ʐ ç ʝ ɣ χ ʁ ħ ʕ ʜ ʢ ɦ ɱ ɳ ɲ ŋ ɴ ʋ ɹ ɻ ɰ ʙ ⱱ ʀ ɾ ɽ ɫ ɬ ɮ ɺ ɭ ʎ ʟ ɥ ʍ ɧ ʼ ɓ ɗ ʄ ɠ ʛ ʘ ǀ ǃ ǂ ǁ ɨ ʉ ɯ ɪ ʏ ʊ ø ɘ ɵ ɤ ə ɚ ɛ œ ɜ ɝ ɞ ʌ ɔ æ ɐ ɶ ɑ ɒ ʰ ʱ ʷ ʲ ˠ ˤ ⁿ ˡ ˈ ˌ ː ˑ ̪ {{IPA|}}
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